18.6 2015
Homofony jsou zvukově shodná, ale graficky odlišná slova, jako např. led a let [let]. Říká se jim též „nepravá homonyma“. Vznikají vlivem tzv. neutralizace znělosti. Výslovnost konce slova před sebekratší pauzou je místem, kde nemůže být vyslovena znělá párová souhláska a nahrazuje ji nejbližší párový zvuk neznělý (např. ledem [ledem] x led [let]). (http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon)
Při tlumočení v nějakém obtížnějším prostředí (hluk, špatná výslovnost řečníka, ne-rodilý mluvčí....) se může stát, že si můžeme tato homonyma splést.
Pokud se však pečlivě připravíme na tlumočení, máme všechny podklady od zákazníka předem, mluvčí mluví s krásnou výslovností, technika nemá žádný šum, nemělo by se nám to stát.
Zde je pro ukázku pár homofonů z angličtiny:
accede (-s), exceed (-s)
accept (-s), except (-s)
acclamation, acclimation
ad (-s), add (-s), adze
addition (-s), edition (-s)
ade (-s), aid (-s), aide (-s)
adherence, adherents
admittance, admittants
adolescence, adolescents
aerie, airy
affect (-s), effect (-s)
aid, aide
aids, aides, [AIDS]
ail (-s), ale (-s)
air (-s), are (-s), 'ere, e'er, err (-s) , heir (-s)
aisle (-s), I'll, isle (-s)
all, awl
allowed, aloud
allude (-s), elude (-s)
allusion, elusion, illusion
allusive, elusive, illusive
altar (-s), alter (-s)
amend (-s), emend (-s)
analyst (-s), annalist (-s)
ant (-s), aunt (-s)
ante, anti, aunty
apatite (-s) [phosphate], appetite (-s)
appose (-s), oppose (-s)
arc (-s), ark (-s)
arrant, errant
ascent (-s), assent (-s)
assistance, assistants
ate, eight
attendance, attendants
auger (-s), augur (-s)
aught, ought
aural, oral
aureole (-s), oriole (-s)
auricle (-s), oracle (-s)
away, aweigh
awful, offal
axel (-s), axil (-s), axle (-s)
axes, axis
aye (-s), eye (-s), I
bad, bade
bail (-s), bale (-s)
bait (-s), bate (-s)
baize, bays
bald, balled, bawled
ball (-s), bawl (-s)
balm (-s), bomb (-s)
band, banned
bans, banns, bands
bard, barred
bare (-s), bear (-s)
bark (-s), barque (-s)
baron (-s), barren (-s)
barrel, beryl
base, bass
based, baste
bask, basque
baud, bawd
bay, bey
bazaar, bizarre
be, bee, [B]
beach (-es), beech (-es)
beat (-s), beet (-s)
beau, bow
been, bin
beer (-s), bier (-s)
beetle, betel
bell (-s), belle (-s)
belligerence, belligerents
benzene, benzine
berg, burg
berger, burger, burgher
bergle, burgle
berry (-ies), bury (-ies)
berth (-s), birth (-s)
better, bettor
bight (-s), bite (-s), byte (-s)
billed, build
bird, burd, burred
blend (-s), blende (-s)
blew, blue
bloc, block
boar (-s), bore (-s)
board, bored
boarder (-s), border (-s)
bobbin, bobbing
bocks, box
bode, bowed
bogey, bogie, bogy
bold, bolled, bowled
bolder, boulder
bole (-s), boll (-s), bowl (-s)
boos, booze
bootie, booty
born, borne
borough (-s), burro (-s), burrow (-s)
bough (-s), bow (-s)
bouillon, bullion
boulder, bolder
boy (-s), bouy (-s)
brae, bray
braid, brayed
brain (-s), brane (-s)
braise (-s), brays, braze (-s)
brake (-s), break (-s)
bread, bred
breach (-es), breech (-es)
brede (-s), breed (-s)
brewed, brood
brews, bruise
bridal, bridle
broom (-s), brougham (-s)
brows, browse
brr, burr
buccal, buckle
build, billed
burger (-s), burgher (-s)
burro (-s), burrow (-s)
bus (-es), buss (-es)
bussed, bust
but (-s), butt (-s)
buy (-s), by, bye (-s)
byre (-s), buyer (-s)
cache, cash
cachou (-s), cashew (-s)
calendar (-s), calender (-s)
calix (-es), calyx (-es)
calk (-s), caulk (-s)
call (-s), caul (-s), cawl (-s)
callous, callus
cam (-s), camb (-s)
canape (-s), canopy (-ies)
cane, cain
cannon (-s), canon (-s)
cant, can't
canter (-s), cantor (-s)
canvas (-es), canvass (-es)
capital, capitol
carat (-s), caret, carrot (-s), karat (-s)
carie, carry
caries, carries
carol (-s), carrel (-s), charol (-s)
cart (-s), [carte], kart (-s)
cask (-s), casque (-s)
cast (-s), caste (-s)
caster, castor
caudal, caudle
cause, caws
cedar (-s), seeder (-s)
cede (-s), seed (-s)
ceil (-s), seal (-s), seel (-s)
ceiling (-s), sealing (-s)
cell (-s), sell (-s)
cellar (-s), seller (-s)
cense, cents, scents, sense
censer (-s), censor (-s), sensor (-s)
census, senses
cent, scent, sent
cere (-s), sear (-s), seer (-s), sere
cereal (-s), serial (-s)
cession, session
cirrus, serous
cite (-s), sight (-s), site (-s)
cited, sighted, sited
clack (-s), claque (-s)
clause, claws
clew (-s), clue (-s)
click (-s), clique (-s), klick (-s)
climb (-s), clime (-s)
close, clothes
coal, kohl
coarse, corse, course
coat (-s), cote (-s)
coax, cokes
coffer (-s), cougher (-s)
coign (-s), coin (-s), quoin (-s)
collard, collared
colonel (-s), kernel (-s)
come (-s), cum (-s)
comedy, comity
competence, competents
complacence, complaisance
complacent, complaisant
complement (-s,-ary), compliment (-s,-ary)
conceded, conceited
concord, conquered
conch (-s), conk (-s)
continence, continents
coo (-s), coup (-s)
coop (-s), coupe (-s)
cops, copse
coquet, coquette
core, corps
correspondence, correspondents
cosher, kosher
cosign (-s), cosine (-s)
coulee, coolie, coolly
council (-s), counsel (-s)
councillor (-s), counselor (-s)
cousin (-s), cozen (-s)
coward, cowered, cowherd
crape (-s), crepe (-s)
creak (-s), creek (-s)
crewed, crude
crewel, cruel
crews, cruise, cruse
cubical, cubicle
cubit, qubit [quantum bit]
cue (-s), queue (-s), [Q]
currant (-s), current (-s)
curser (-s), cursor (-s)
cygnet (-s), signet (-s)
cymbal (-s), symbol (-s)
dain, deign
dam (-s), damn (-s)
days, daze
dean (-s), dene (-s)
dear, deer
deem (-s), deme (-s)
delinquence, delinquents
dense, dents
dental, dentil
dependence, dependents
depravation (-s), deprivation (-s)
descent (-s), dissent (-s)
deviance, deviants
devisor, divisor
dew (-s), do, due (-s)
dewed, dude
die (-s), dye (-s)
died, dyed
dine, dyne
dire, dyer
disburse (-s), disperse (-s)
discreet, discrete
discussed, disgust
dissidence, dissidents
djinn, gin
do ["re, mi"], doe, dough
doer, dour
does [f. deer], doze
done, dun
donjon, dungeon
dos ["dos and don'ts"], dues
dost, dust
dowiger (-s), dowitcher (-s)
draft (-s), draught (-s)
dray, drey
droop, drupe
dual, duel
ducked, duct
dyeing, dying
earn (-s), erne (-s), urn (-s)
eave (-s), eve (-s)
edition (viz addition)
e'er (viz air)
effect (viz affect)
eight (viz ate)
elicit, illicit
elude (-s), allude (-s)
elude (viz allude)
elusive (viz allusive)
emerge (-s), immerge (-s)
eminent, immanent, imminent
ensure, insure
epic (-s), epoch (-s)
equivalence, equivalents
'ere (viz air)
err (viz air)
errant (viz arrant)
erupt (-s), irrupt (-s)
eruption, irruption
ewe (-s), yew (-s), you
ewes, use, yews
exceed (viz accede)
except (viz accept)
exercise (-s), exorcise (-s)
existence, existents
extravagance, extravagants
eye (viz aye)
eye (viz aye)
eyed, I'd, ide
eyelet (-s), islet (-s)
facts, fax
fail, faille
fain, fane, feign
faint (-s), feint (-s)
fair (-s), fare (-s)
fairy, ferry
faker (-s), fakir (-s)
fate, fete
faun (-s), fawn (-s)
fay, fey
faze (-s), phase (-s)
fear (-s), fere (-s)
feat, feet
fends, fens
fern, firn
ferule, ferrule
feudal, futile
file (-s), phial (-s)
fill, faille
filter, philtre
finally, finely
find, fined
fir (-s), fur
fisher (-s), fissure (-s)
flacks, flax
flair (-s), flare (-s)
flea (-s), flee (-s)
flecks, flex
flew, flu (-s), flue (-s)
flocks, phlox
floe (-s), flow (-s)
flour (-s), flower (-s)
foaled, fold
for, fore, four
forbear, forebear
forego (-s), forgo (-s)
foreword, forward
formally, formerly
forth, fourth
foul (-s), fowl (-s)
'fraid, frayed
franc, frank
frays, phrase
frees, freeze (-s), frieze (-s)
friar, fryer
fungous, fungus
furs, furze
fussed, fust
gaff, gaffe
gage, gauge
gait (-s), gate (-s)
gamble (-s), gambol (-s)
gang, gangue
gays, gaze
gel (-s), jell (-s)
gene (-s), jean (-s)
gibe (-s), jibe (-s)
gild, gilled, guild
gilt, guilt
gin (viz djinn)
glair (-s), glare (-s)
glutenous, glutinous
gnaw, naw
gneiss, nice
gnomic, nomic
gnu (-s), knew, new (-s)
goaled, gold
gored, gourd
gorgeous, gorges
gorilla, guerrilla
grade, grayed
grate, great
grays, graze
grip, grippe
grisly, gristly , grizzly
groan, grown
grocer, grosser
guarantee, guaranty
guest, guessed
guide, guyed
guise, guys
gyre, jire
hail, hale
hair (-s), hare (-s)
hairier, harrier
hairy, harry
hall, haul
hallo, hallow
halve, have
handsome, hansom
hangar (-s), hanger (-s)
hardy, hearty
hart (-s), heart (-s)
hay, hey
hays, haze
heal (-s), heel (-s), he'll
hear, here
heard, herd
he'd, heed, heid
heir (viz air)
heroin, heroine
hertz, hurts
hew (-s), hue (-s)
hi, hie, high
hide, hied
higher, hire
him, hymn
ho, hoe
hoar, whore
hoard, horde, whored
hoarse, horse
hoes, hose
hold, holed
hole (-s), whole (-s)
holey, holy, wholly
hoop, whoop
hostel, hostile
hour (-s), our (-s)
humerus, humorous
hurdle, hurtle
chance, chants
chard, charred
chary, cherry
chased, chaste
cheap, cheep
chews, choose
chic, sheik
chili, chilly, [Chile]
choir (-s), quire (-s)
choler, collar
choral (-s), coral (-s)
chorale (-s), corral (-s)
chord (-s), cord (-s), cored
chordate, cordate
chott (-s), shot (-s)
chough (-s), chuff (-s)
chronical, chronicle
chute (-s), shoot (-s)
I (viz aye)
I'd (viz eyed)
ide (viz eyed)
idyl (-s), idyll (-s), idle (-s), idol (-s)
ileum, ilium
I'll (viz aisle)
illicit (viz elicit)
illusive (viz allusive)
immanent, imminent (viz eminent)
immerge (viz emerge)
impassable, impassible
impatience, impatiens
in, inn
incidence, incidents
incite, insight
independence, independents
indict (-s), indite (-s)
indigence, indigents
inequity, iniquity
innocence, innocents
instance, instants
insure (viz ensure)
intense, intents
irrupt (viz erupt)
irruption (viz eruption)
isle (viz aisle)
its, it's
jalousie, jealousy
jam (-s), jamb (-s)
jean (viz gene)
jell (viz gel)
jibe (viz gibe)
jinks, jinx
jire (viz gyre)
karat (viz carat)
kart (viz cart)
kernel (viz colonel)
key (-s), quay (-s)
klick (viz click)
knap, nap
knave (-s), nave (-s)
knead (-s), knee'd, need (-s)
knew (viz gnu)
knick (-s), nick (-s)
knicker (-s), nicker (-s)
knicks (obs. rare), nicks, nix
knight (-s), night (-s)
knit (-s), nit (-s)
knob (-s), nob (-s)
knock (-s), nock (-s)
knot, not
know, no, noh
knows, noes, nose
kohl (viz coal)
kosher (viz cosher)
laager (-s), lager (-s)
lac, lack
lacks, lax
ladder, latter
lain, lane
lair (-s), layer (-s)
lam, lamb
lama, llama
laps, lapse
lase, lays, laze, leis
laser, lazar
lay, lei, ley
lea, lee
lead, led
leader, lieder, liter
leaf, lief
leach (-es), leech (-es)
leak (-s), leek (-s)
lean (-s), lien (-s)
leased, least
lends, lens
lessen, lesson
lesser, lessor
levee, levy
liable, libel
liar (-s), lyre (-s)
licker, liquor
lickerish, licorice
lie (-s), lye (-s)
lightening, lightning
lichen, liken
limb (-s), limn (-s)
linch, lynch
links, lynx
literal, littoral
lo, low
load (-s), lode (-s), lowed
loan, lone
locks, lox
loop, loupe
loot (-s), lute (-s)
macks, max
madder, matter
made, maid
magnate (-s), magnet (-s)
mail (-s), male (-s)
main, mane
maize, mase, mays, maze
mall (-s), maul (-s)
mall, maul
manikin, mannequin, [manakin]
manner, manor
mantle, mantel
mare (-s), mayor (-s)
marchal, marshal (-s), marshall (-s), martial
marquee, marquis
marten, martin
maser, mazer
mask, masque
massed, mast
mat, matte
me, mi ["do, re"]
mead, meed
mean (-s), mein (-s)
meat (-s), meet (-s), mete (-s)
medal (-s), meddle (-s), metal (-s), mettle (-s)
meddler (-s), medlar (-s)
men's, mends
mewl, mule
mews, muse
mho, mow
micks, mix
middy, midi
might, mite
mil, mill
mild, miled
millenary, millinery
mince, mints
mind, mined
miner, minor
minks, minx
missal, missile
missed, mist
moan, mown
moat (-s), mote (-s)
mode, mowed
mold (-s), mould (-s)
mood, mooed
moor, more
moose, mousse
mordant, mordent
morn, mourn
morning, mourning
mortar, morter
mucous, mucus
muscle, mussel
mussed, must, musth
mustard, mustered
nap (viz knap)
naval, navel
nave (viz knave)
naw (viz gnaw)
nay (-s), neigh (-s), nee
need (viz knead)
new (viz gnu)
nice (viz gneiss)
nick (viz knick)
nickers (viz knickers)
nicks (viz knicks)
night (viz knight)
nit (viz knit)
nix (viz knicks)
no (viz know)
nob (viz knob)
nock (viz knock)
noes (viz knows)
nomic (viz gnomic)
none, nun
nose (viz knows)
not (viz knot)
o, oh, owe
oar (-s), o'er, or, ore (-s)
odder, otter
ode, owed
offal (viz awful)
one, won
oppose (viz appose)
oracle (viz auricle)
oral (viz aural)
ordinance, ordnance
oriole (viz aureole)
ought (viz aught)
our (viz hour)
overdo, overdue
oversea (-s), oversee (-s)
paced, paste
packed, pact
paean (-s), peon (-s)
pail (-s), pale (-s)
pain (-s), pane (-s)
pair (-s), pare (-s), payor (-s) , pear (-s),
palate (-s), palette (-s), pallet (-s), pallette (-s)
pall, pawl
parish, perish
parity (-ies), parody (-ies)
passable, passible
passed, past
patience, patients
pause, paws
pea (-s, -se), pee (-s), [P]
peace, piece
peak (-s), peek (-s), pique (-s)
peal (-s), peel (-s)
pearl (-s), purl (-s)
peas, pease, pees
pect, pecked
pedal (-s), peddle (-s)
peer (-s), pier (-s)
pence, pents
pend, penned
pendant, pendent
pendants, pendence
pends, pens
penitence, penitents
per, purr
petit, petty
petrel, petrol
phase (viz faze)
phial (viz file)
philter (viz filter)
phlox (viz flocks)
phosphorous, phosphorus
phrase (viz frays)
pi, pie
pica, pika
picks, pix
pidgin, pigeon
pinion, pinon
pistel, pistol
place, plaice
plain (-s), plane (-s)
plaintiff, plaintive
plait (-s), plate (-s)
plantar (-s), planter (-s)
pleas, please
plough (-s), plow (-s)
plum (-s), plumb (-s)
pocks, pox
pole (-s), poll (-s)
policlinic, polyclinic
politic (-s), politick (-s)
poor, pore (-s), pour (-s)
populace, populous
praise, prays, preys
pray (-s), prey (-s)
precedence, precedents
presence, presents
pride, pried
pries, prise, prize
prince, prints
principal (-s), principle (-s)
prior, pryer
profit (-s), prophet (-s)
pros, prose
psalter, salter
pupal (-s), pupil (-s)
puttee, putty
quarts, quartz
quay (viz key)
qubit (viz cubit)
quean (-s), queen (-s)
queue (viz cue)
quince, quints
quoin (viz coin)
rabbet, rabbit
rack, wrack
radical (-s), radicle (-s)
rain (-s), reign (-s), rein (-s)
raise (-s), rays, raze (-s)
raiser, razor
rancor, ranker
rap (-s), wrap (-s)
rapped, rapt, wrapped
re ["do, re"], ray
read (-s), reed (-s)
read, red
real, reel
recede (-s), reseed (-s)
receipt (-s), reseat (-s)
reck, wreck
reek (-s), wreak (-s)
reference, referents
rends, wrens
residence, residents
rest (-s), wrest (-s)
retch (-es), wretch (-es)
review (-s), revue (-s)
rex, wrecks
rheum (-y), room (-y)
rho, roe, row
rhyme (-s), rime (-s)
rigger, rigor
right (-s), rite(-s), wright (-s), write(-s)
righting, writing
ring (-s), wring (-s)
ringer (-s), wringer (-s)
rise, ryes
road, rode, rowed
roc (-s), rock (-s)
roil, royal
role (-s), roll (-s)
rood, rude, rued
roomer (-s), rumor (-s)
roomer, rumor
root (-s), route (-s)
rose, rows
rote, wrote
rough, ruff
rouse, rows
rout (-s), route (-s)
rued, rude
rues, ruse
rung, wrung
rye, wry
sac (-s), sack (-s), sax
sachet, sashay
sail (-s), sale (-s)
salter (viz psalter)
sane, seine
saver, savor
scarf, scarph
scene, seen
scent (viz cent)
scents, sense
scull (-s), skull (-s)
sea, see, [C]
seal (viz ceil)
sealing (viz ceiling)
seam (-s), seem (-s)
seaman, seamen, semen
sear (viz cere)
seas, sees, seize, [C's]
season, seisin
sects, sex
seed (viz cede)
seeder (viz cedar)
seel (viz ceil) seer (viz cere)
sell (viz cell)
seller (viz cellar)
senses (viz census)
sensor (viz censer)
sent (viz cent)
sequence, sequents
sere (viz cere)
serf (-s), surf (-s)
serge, surge
serial (viz cereal)
serous (viz cirrus)
set (-s), sett (-s)
sew, so, sow
sewn, sown
shear, sheer
sheik (viz chic)
shew (-s), shoe (-s), shoo (-s)
shier, shyer, shire
shone, shown
shoot (viz chute)
shot (viz chott)
sic, sick
sics ["sics a dog on one"], six
side, sighed
sigher, sire
sighs, size
sight (viz cite)
sighted (viz cited)
sign (-s), sine (-s)
signet (viz cygnet)
silicon, silicone
sink, sync
site (viz cite)
sited (viz cited)
slay (-s), sleigh (-s)
sleight (-s), slight (-s)
slew, slough
sloe, slow
soar (-s), sore (-s)
soared, sword
socks, sox
sol, sole (-s), soul (-s)
sold, soled, souled
some, sum
son (-s), sun (-s)
sonny, sunny
sordid, sorted
spade, spayed
staff, staph
staid, stayed
stair (-s), stare (-s)
stake (-s), steak (-s)
statice (-s), status (-es)
stationary, stationery
steal (-s), steel (-s)
step (-s), steppe (-s)
stile (-s), style (-s)
stoop (-s), stoup (-s)
straight (-s), strait (-s)
succor (-s), sucker (-s)
suede, swayed
suer, sewer
suite (-s), sweet (-s)
summary, summery
sundae (-s), sunday (-s)
surplice (-s), surplus (-s)
symbol (viz cymbal)
tacet, tacit
tack, taque
tacked, tact
tacks, tax
tale (-s), tail (-s)
talesman, talisman
taper (-s), tapir (-s)
tare (-s), tear (-s)
tarry, terry
taught, taut
taupe, tope
tea, tee, ti ["do, re"], [T]
team (-s), teem (-s)
tear (-s), tier (-s)
teas, tease, tees
tends, tens
tense, tents
tenser, tensor
tern (-s), turn (-s)
ternary, turnery
the, thee
their, there, they're
theirs, there's
therefor, therefore
threw, through
throe (-s), throw (-s)
throne, thrown
thyme, time
tic (-s), tick (-s)
tide, tied
tighten, titan
timber, timbre
to, too, two
toad, toed, towed
toad, toed, towed
tocsin (-s), toxin (-s)
toe (-s), tow (-s)
toke, toque
told, tolled
ton (-s), tonne (-s), tun (-s)
tongue, tung (-s)
tool, tulle
tor, tore
tort (-s), torte (-s)
toughed, tuft
tracked, tract
trader (-s), traitor (-s)
tray, trey
troop (-s), troupe (-s)
trooper (-s), trouper (-s)
trussed, trust
tucks, tux
udder (-s), utter (-s)
undo, undue
urn (viz earn)
use (viz ewes)
vain, vane (-s), vein (-s)
valance, valence
vale (-s), veil (-s)
valiance, valiants
variance, variants
vary, very
vellum, velum
veracious, voracious
verdure, verger
verses, versus
vial, vile, viol
vice, vise
villain, villein
virtu, virtue
viscous, viscus
wacks, wax, whacks [WACS]
wade, weighed
wail (-s), wale, whale (-s)
wain, wane
waist (-s), waste (-s)
wait (-s), weight (-s)
waive (-s), wave (-s)
waiver (-s), waver (-s)
walk (-s), wok (-s)
war, wore
ward, warred
ware, wear, where
warn, worn
wart, wort
watt, what
way (-s), weigh (-s), whey
we, wee
weak, week
weal, we'll, wheal, wheel
weald, wheeled
wean, ween
wear, where
weather, wether, whether
weave, we've
we'd, weed
weir, we're
weld, welled
wen, when
wet (-s), whet (-s)
whig (-s), wig (-s)
which, witch
while, wile
whin, win
whine (-s), wine (-s)
whined, wind [the verb], wined
whirled, whorled, world
whirred, word
whit, wit
white (-s), wight (-s), wite
whither, wither
whoa, woe
whole (viz hole)
wholly (viz holy)
whore (viz hoar)
whored (viz hoard, horde)
whose, who's
whys, wise
wield, wheeled
wind, wined
winds, wins
won (viz one)
wood, would
worst, wurst
wrack (viz rack)
wrap (viz rap)
wrapped (viz rapt)
wreak (viz reek)
wreck (viz reck)
wrecks (viz rex)
wrens (viz rends)
wrest (viz rest)
wretch (viz retch)
wright (viz right)
wring (viz ring)
wringer (viz ringer)
write (viz right)
writing (viz righting)
wrote (viz rote)
wry (viz rye)
yew (viz ewe)
yews (viz ewes)
yoke, yolk
yore, your, you're
you (viz ewe)
you'll, yule